Dylan Glover

Biased managers can produce racial differences in worker productivity even in the absence of underlying differences between workers. We document this phenomenon using data from a French grocery store chain. We find that minority workers are substantially less productive when assigned to managers who are biased (as determined by an Implicit Association Test). This result is driven by lower productivity after an interaction with a biased manager, rather than selection of less productive workers. These results suggest that the costs of discrimination are borne not only by minority workers but also by firms that employ biased managers.

Agricultural land consolidation delivers economic efficiency gains through scale economies in costs, but adverse climate shocks damage the biological production function, not the fixed cost structure. This paper investigates whether the ownership distribution that maximizes aggregate output also maximizes vulnerability to extreme heat. Combining satellite spectrometry of crop biomass, farm-level cadastral records, and meteorological data at quasi-weekly frequencies in France from 2015 through 2021, we estimate dynamic causal effects of staggered heat stress exposure on gross primary production (GPP). We document that aggregate output rises in agricultural land inequality, while per-hectare crop biomass declines. Under extreme heat, this divergence becomes consequential: more unequally distributed farmland suffers significantly larger GPP losses, with effects translating directly to year-end yield declines. A key driver of this vulnerability is the proportion of arable land allocated to protective seminatural ecosystems. Under increasing returns to scale, the opportunity cost of maintaining these buffers rises with operational scale, so high-inequality landscapes systematically under-provide ecological protection.